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  • SLASH AND BURN, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Dayak farmland. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo206.jpg
  • SLASH AND BURN, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Dayak farmland. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo204.jpg
  • SLASH AND BURN FARMING, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo075.jpg
  • DAYAK, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Dayak , 'Kelabit', collecting bananas. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo194.jpg
  • DAYAK, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Dayak woman, with tattoos,  planting seeds. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo192.jpg
  • DAYAK CHILDREN, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia. Dayak, 'Kelabit', children playing in the forest. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo155.jpg
  • SLASH AND BURN FARMING, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo078.jpg
  • LOGGING, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo041.jpg
  • LOGGING, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo246.jpg
  • LOGGING, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo245.jpg
  • FARMLAND, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Dayak slash and burn farmland. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo208.jpg
  • DAYAK VILLAGE, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Dayak village and farmland. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo207.jpg
  • DAYAK VILLAGE, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Dayak village and farmland. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo205.jpg
  • DAYAK, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Dayak , 'Kelabit', woman collecting edible ferns from the forest. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo197.jpg
  • DAYAK, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Dayak , 'Kelabit', woman collecting edible ferns from the forest. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo196.jpg
  • DAYAK, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Dayak , 'Kelabit', woman with earrings, collecting edible plants from the forest. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo195.jpg
  • DAYAK, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Dayak woman, with tattoos,  planting seeds. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo191.jpg
  • Farming, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Dayak, 'Kelabit', collecting bananas from the forest. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo153.jpg
  • SLASH AND BURN FARMING, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo077.jpg
  • SLASH AND BURN FARMING, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo076.jpg
  • LOGGING, NOMADIC PENAN, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo070.jpg
  • LOGGING, TIMBERYARD, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo064.jpg
  • LOGGING, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo043.jpg
  • LOGGING, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo040.jpg
  • FARMLAND, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Dayak slash and burn farmland. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo209.jpg
  • DAYAK CHILDREN, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Dayak, 'Kelabit', children playing in the forest. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo156.jpg
  • LOGGING, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo042.jpg
  • DAYAK, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Dayak , 'Kelabit', collecting edible ferns from the forest. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo193.jpg
  • PLANTATIONS, CASH CROPS,  MALAYSIA, South East Asia.  Tropical primary rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, cash crops and plantations, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Orang-Asli native tribal peoples.  World Bank project.
    sarawak_borneo100.jpg
  • DEFORESTATION PRIMARY RAINFOREST,  Amazon, near Boavista, northern Brazil, South America. Primary rainforest scorched by fires during the dry season. Fires are often started by campesinos wanted to develop more land into slash and burn farming. Ecological biosphere and fragile ecosystem where flora and fauna, and native lifestyles are threatened by progress and development. The rainforest is home to many plants and animals who are endangered or facing extinction. This region is home to indigenous primitive and tribal peoples including the Yanomami and Macuxi.
    brazil620.JPG
  • DEFORESTATION PRIMARY RAINFOREST,  Amazon, near Boavista, northern Brazil, South America. Primary rainforest scorched by fires during the dry season. Fires are often started by campesinos wanted to develop more land into slash and burn farming. Ecological biosphere and fragile ecosystem where flora and fauna, and native lifestyles are threatened by progress and development. The rainforest is home to many plants and animals who are endangered or facing extinction. This region is home to indigenous primitive and tribal peoples including the Yanomami and Macuxi.
    brazil619.JPG
  • DEFORESTATION PRIMARY RAINFOREST,  Amazon, near Boavista, northern Brazil, South America. Primary rainforest scorched by fires during the dry season. Fires are often started by campesinos wanted to develop more land into slash and burn farming. Ecological biosphere and fragile ecosystem where flora and fauna, and native lifestyles are threatened by progress and development. The rainforest is home to many plants and animals who are endangered or facing extinction. This region is home to indigenous primitive and tribal peoples including the Yanomami and Macuxi.
    brazil611.JPG
  • Beginnings of oil-palm cash crops, plantations in Sarawak, MALAYSIA 1989<br />
<br />
Tropical primary rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, cash crops and plantations, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous native tribal peoples.  World Bank project.
    sarawak_borneo108.jpg
  • PLANTATIONS, CASH CROPS,  MALAYSIA, South East Asia.  Tropical primary rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, cash crops and plantations, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Orang-Asli native tribal peoples.  World Bank project.
    sarawak_borneo105.jpg
  • PLANTATIONS, CASH CROPS,  MALAYSIA, South East Asia.  Tropical primary rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, cash crops and plantations, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Orang-Asli native tribal peoples.  World Bank project.
    sarawak_borneo102.jpg
  • PLANTATIONS, CASH CROPS,  MALAYSIA, South East Asia.  Tropical primary rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, cash crops and plantations, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Orang-Asli native tribal peoples.  World Bank project.
    sarawak_borneo098.jpg
  • FLOODS & DEFORESTATION, Philippines. Ariel views of logging and deforestation causing massive landslides. Thousands of people died during flash floods in Leyte, the Philippines. Heavy rains brought floodwaters into river deltas where the poorest communities live, with  access to water; shanty towns, squatter camps were rapidly washed away.  The rapidity of flooding was blamed as much on logging and deforestation as the rain storms themselves. The Philippines, as the in rest of South East Asia, is rife with corruption amongst state, government and military officials who make a profit from illegal logging concessions.
    philippines083.jpg
  • FLOODS & DEFORESTATION, Philippines. Ariel views of logging and deforestation causing massive landslides. Thousands of people died during flash floods in Leyte, the Philippines. Heavy rains brought floodwaters into river deltas where the poorest communities live, with  access to water; shanty towns, squatter camps were rapidly washed away.  The rapidity of flooding was blamed as much on logging and deforestation as the rain storms themselves. The Philippines, as the in rest of South East Asia, is rife with corruption amongst state, government and military officials who make a profit from illegal logging concessions.
    philippines080.jpg
  • FLOODS & DEFORESTATION, Philippines. Ariel views of logging and deforestation causing massive landslides. Thousands of people died during flash floods in Leyte, the Philippines. Heavy rains brought floodwaters into river deltas where the poorest communities live, with  access to water; shanty towns, squatter camps were rapidly washed away.  The rapidity of flooding was blamed as much on logging and deforestation as the rain storms themselves. The Philippines, as the in rest of South East Asia, is rife with corruption amongst state, government and military officials who make a profit from illegal logging concessions.
    philippines078.jpg
  • DEFORESTATION PRIMARY RAINFOREST,  Amazon, near Boavista, northern Brazil, South America. Primary rainforest scorched by fires during the dry season. Fires are often started by campesinos wanted to develop more land into slash and burn farming. Ecological biosphere and fragile ecosystem where flora and fauna, and native lifestyles are threatened by progress and development. The rainforest is home to many plants and animals who are endangered or facing extinction. This region is home to indigenous primitive and tribal peoples including the Yanomami and Macuxi.
    brazil636.JPG
  • DEFORESTATION PRIMARY RAINFOREST,  Amazon, near Boavista, northern Brazil, South America. Primary rainforest scorched by fires during the dry season. Fires are often started by campesinos wanted to develop more land into slash and burn farming. Ecological biosphere and fragile ecosystem where flora and fauna, and native lifestyles are threatened by progress and development. The rainforest is home to many plants and animals who are endangered or facing extinction. This region is home to indigenous primitive and tribal peoples including the Yanomami and Macuxi.
    brazil142.JPG
  • DEFORESTATION PRIMARY RAINFOREST,  Amazon, near Boavista, northern Brazil, South America. Primary rainforest scorched by fires during the dry season. Fires are often started by campesinos wanted to develop more land into slash and burn farming. Ecological biosphere and fragile ecosystem where flora and fauna, and native lifestyles are threatened by progress and development. The rainforest is home to many plants and animals who are endangered or facing extinction. This region is home to indigenous primitive and tribal peoples including the Yanomami and Macuxi.
    brazil609.JPG
  • PLANTATIONS, CASH CROPS,  MALAYSIA, South East Asia.  Tropical primary rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, cash crops and plantations, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Orang-Asli native tribal peoples.  World Bank project.
    sarawak_borneo107.jpg
  • PLANTATIONS, CASH CROPS,  MALAYSIA, South East Asia.  Tropical primary rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, cash crops and plantations, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Orang-Asli native tribal peoples.  World Bank project.
    sarawak_borneo106.jpg
  • PLANTATIONS, CASH CROPS,  MALAYSIA, South East Asia.  Tropical primary rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, cash crops and plantations, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Orang-Asli native tribal peoples.  World Bank project.
    sarawak_borneo104.jpg
  • PLANTATIONS, CASH CROPS,  MALAYSIA, South East Asia.  Tropical primary rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, cash crops and plantations, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Orang-Asli native tribal peoples.  World Bank project.
    sarawak_borneo101.jpg
  • PLANTATIONS, CASH CROPS,  MALAYSIA, South East Asia.  Tropical primary rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, cash crops and plantations, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Orang-Asli native tribal peoples.  World Bank project.
    sarawak_borneo099.jpg
  • FLOODS & DEFORESTATION, Philippines. Ariel views of logging and deforestation causing massive landslides. Thousands of people died during flash floods in Leyte, the Philippines. Heavy rains brought floodwaters into river deltas where the poorest communities live, with  access to water; shanty towns, squatter camps were rapidly washed away.  The rapidity of flooding was blamed as much on logging and deforestation as the rain storms themselves. The Philippines, as the in rest of South East Asia, is rife with corruption amongst state, government and military officials who make a profit from illegal logging concessions.
    philippines082.jpg
  • FLOODS & DEFORESTATION, Philippines. Ariel views of logging and deforestation causing massive landslides. Thousands of people died during flash floods in Leyte, the Philippines. Heavy rains brought floodwaters into river deltas where the poorest communities live, with  access to water; shanty towns, squatter camps were rapidly washed away.  The rapidity of flooding was blamed as much on logging and deforestation as the rain storms themselves. The Philippines, as the in rest of South East Asia, is rife with corruption amongst state, government and military officials who make a profit from illegal logging concessions.
    philippines079.jpg
  • PLANTATIONS, CASH CROPS,  MALAYSIA, South East Asia.  Tropical primary rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, cash crops and plantations, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Orang-Asli native tribal peoples.  World Bank project.
    sarawak_borneo103.jpg
  • FLOODS & DEFORESTATION, Philippines. Ariel views of logging and deforestation causing massive landslides. Thousands of people died during flash floods in Leyte, the Philippines. Heavy rains brought floodwaters into river deltas where the poorest communities live, with  access to water; shanty towns, squatter camps were rapidly washed away.  The rapidity of flooding was blamed as much on logging and deforestation as the rain storms themselves. The Philippines, as the in rest of South East Asia, is rife with corruption amongst state, government and military officials who make a profit from illegal logging concessions.
    philippines081.jpg
  • VOLCANO AFTERMATH, Philippines. Cultivation in volcanic soil. Central Luzon, Mount Pinatubo volcano erupted in 1991  and caused massive destruction of urban and rural landscape. Many indigenous  Aeta and Igorot people were displaced. White volcanic  ashes settled and disfigured the landscape.   Many  live in ramshackle shelters, in  refugee camps and settlements, living on humanitarian aid.
    philippines114.jpg
  • VOLCANO AFTERMATH, Philippines. Cultivation in volcanic soil. Central Luzon, Mount Pinatubo volcano erupted in 1991  and caused massive destruction of urban and rural landscape. Many indigenous  Aeta and Igorot people were displaced. White volcanic  ashes settled and disfigured the landscape.   Many  live in ramshackle shelters, in  refugee camps and settlements, living on humanitarian aid.
    philippines028.jpg
  • VOLCANO AFTERMATH, Philippines. Cultivation in volcanic soil. Central Luzon, Mount Pinatubo volcano erupted in 1991  and caused massive destruction of urban and rural landscape. Many indigenous  Aeta and Igorot people were displaced. White volcanic  ashes settled and disfigured the landscape.   Many  live in ramshackle shelters, in  refugee camps and settlements, living on humanitarian aid.
    philippines030.jpg
  • VOLCANO AFTERMATH, Philippines. Cultivation in volcanic soil. Central Luzon, Mount Pinatubo volcano erupted in 1991  and caused massive destruction of urban and rural landscape. Many indigenous  Aeta and Igorot people were displaced. White volcanic  ashes settled and disfigured the landscape.   Many  live in ramshackle shelters, in  refugee camps and settlements, living on humanitarian aid.
    philippines031.jpg
  • VOLCANO AFTERMATH, Philippines. Cultivation in volcanic soil. Central Luzon, Mount Pinatubo volcano erupted in 1991  and caused massive destruction of urban and rural landscape. Many indigenous  Aeta and Igorot people were displaced. White volcanic  ashes settled and disfigured the landscape.   Many  live in ramshackle shelters, in  refugee camps and settlements, living on humanitarian aid.
    philippines029.jpg
  • VOLCANO AFTERMATH, Philippines. Cultivation in volcanic soil. Central Luzon, Mount Pinatubo volcano erupted in 1991  and caused massive destruction of urban and rural landscape. Many indigenous  Aeta and Igorot people were displaced. White volcanic  ashes settled and disfigured the landscape.   Many  live in ramshackle shelters, in  refugee camps and settlements, living on humanitarian aid.
    philippines027.jpg
  • VOLCANO AFTERMATH, Philippines. Cultivation in volcanic soil. Central Luzon, Mount Pinatubo volcano erupted in 1991  and caused massive destruction of urban and rural landscape. Many indigenous  Aeta and Igorot people were displaced. White volcanic  ashes settled and disfigured the landscape.   Many  live in ramshackle shelters, in  refugee camps and settlements, living on humanitarian aid.
    philippines032.jpg
  • Slash and burn cultivation by native peoples to plant subsistence crops, mainly wild mountain rice. Unfortunately the Sarawak government mostly doesn't recognise pristine rainforest as ancestral lands; it is only when the settlers cut down the forest for farming, that it is recognised as their own native lands. Limbang, Sarawak, Malaysia 2015<br />
<br />
Borneo native peoples and their rainforest habitat revisited two decades later: 1989/1991 and 2012/2014/2015. <br />
<br />
Sarawak's primary rainforests have been systematically logged over decades, threatening the sustainable lifestyle of its indigenous peoples who relied on nomadic hunter-gathering and rotational slash & burn cultivation of small areas of forest to survive. Now only a few areas of pristine rainforest remain; for the Dayaks and Penan this spells disaster, a rapidly disappearing way of life, forced re-settlement, many becoming wage-slaves. Large and medium size tree trunks have been sawn down and dragged out by bulldozers, leaving destruction in their midst, and for the most part a primary rainforest ecosystem beyond repair. Nowadays palm oil plantations and hydro-electric dam projects cover hundreds of thousands of hectares of what was the world's oldest rainforest ecosystem which had some of the highest rates of flora and fauna endemism, species found there and nowhere else on Earth, and this deforestation has done irreparable ecological damage to that region
    borneo_revisited_nigel_dickinson_201...JPG
  • Slash and burn cultivation by native peoples to plant subsistence crops, mainly wild mountain rice. Unfortunately the Sarawak government mostly doesn't recognise pristine rainforest as ancestral lands; it is only when the settlers cut down the forest for farming, that it is recognised as their own native lands. Limbang, Sarawak, Malaysia 2015<br />
<br />
Borneo native peoples and their rainforest habitat revisited two decades later: 1989/1991 and 2012/2014/2015. <br />
<br />
Sarawak's primary rainforests have been systematically logged over decades, threatening the sustainable lifestyle of its indigenous peoples who relied on nomadic hunter-gathering and rotational slash & burn cultivation of small areas of forest to survive. Now only a few areas of pristine rainforest remain; for the Dayaks and Penan this spells disaster, a rapidly disappearing way of life, forced re-settlement, many becoming wage-slaves. Large and medium size tree trunks have been sawn down and dragged out by bulldozers, leaving destruction in their midst, and for the most part a primary rainforest ecosystem beyond repair. Nowadays palm oil plantations and hydro-electric dam projects cover hundreds of thousands of hectares of what was the world's oldest rainforest ecosystem which had some of the highest rates of flora and fauna endemism, species found there and nowhere else on Earth, and this deforestation has done irreparable ecological damage to that region
    borneo_revisited_nigel_dickinson_201...JPG
  • The actual burial ceremony during a Batak funeral..Batak Indigenous Christian people living on Samosir Island and nearby Lake Toba in Indonesia. There are some 6 million Christian Batak in Indonesia, the world's largest Muslim country of 237 million people, which has more Muslims than any other in the world. Though it has a long history of religious tolerance, a small extremist fringe of Muslims have been more vocal and violent towards Christians in recent years. ..Batak religion is found among the Batak societies around Lake Toba in north Sumatra. It is ethnically diverse, syncretic, liable to change, and linked with village organisations and the monotheistic Indonesian culture. Toba Batak houses are boat-shaped with intricately carved gables and upsweeping roof ridges, and Karo Batak houses rise up in tiers. Both are built on piles and are derived from an ancient Dong-Son model. The gable ends of traditional houses, Rumah Bolon or Jabu, are richly decorated with the cosmic serpent Naga Padoha carved in wood or in mosaic, lizards, double spirals, female breasts, and the head of the singa, a monster with protruding eyes that is part human, part water buffalo, and part crocodile or lizard. The layout of the village symbolises the Batak cosmos. They cultivate irrigated rice and vegetables. Irrigated rice cultivation can support a large population, and the Toba and the Karo live in densely clustered villages, which are limited to around ten homes to save farming land. The kinship system is based on marriage alliances linking lineages of patrilineal clans called marga. In the 1820's Islam came to the southern Angkola and Mandailing homelands, and in the 1850's and 1860's Christianity arrived in the Angkola and Toba region with Dutch missionaries and the German Rheinische Mission Gesellschaft. The first German missionary caused the Dutch to stop Batak communal sacrificial rituals and music, which was a major blow to the traditional religion. Dutch colonial policy favoure
    batak_sumatra012.JPG
  • DAYAK FISHING, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Dayak with catfish fished from the  river. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo371.jpg
  • PENAN SULAP, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Penan family in sulap settlement. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo309.jpg
  • LOGGING, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo283.jpg
  • LOGGING & INDIGENOUS DAYAKS, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Along Sega (centre) PenanActivisits fighting for landrights issues in the face of commercial logging, Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo279.jpg
  • LOG RAFTS, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Log rafts on river. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo223.jpg
  • DAYAK, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia. Woman sorting the chaff from rice, next to  her sulap house. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo165.jpg
  • PRIMARY TROPICAL RAINFOREST, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Interior, trees, roots, vines, undergrowth, forest floor. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo129.jpg
  • PRIMARY TROPICAL RAINFOREST, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Interior, trees, roots, vines, undergrowth, forest floor. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo123.jpg
  • LOGGING, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo053.jpg
  • LOGGING, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo013.jpg
  • The family of Along Saga, a hard fighting resistance fighter who died a decade before. The Penan native people are learning to live a sedentary lifestyle which includes living in wooden houses, farming and fishing. They were traditionally nomadic hunter-gatherers. These days they have become forcibly settled as their hunting grounds have been largely destroyed by logging concessions and palm-oil plantations. Limbang Sarawak Malaysia 2015<br />
<br />
There are only a few, difficult to find, scarce communities of semi-nomadic Penan nowadays, who live like of those of old, hidden away deep in the tropical forest, hunter-gathering, wearing loin cloth ‘chawats’, hunting wild boar with blowpipes and poison arrows, and extracting sago-root flour, their staple carbohydrate, by hand.<br />
<br />
Borneo native peoples and their rainforest habitat revisited two decades later: 1989/1991 and 2012/2014/2015. <br />
<br />
Sarawak's primary rainforests have been systematically logged over decades, threatening the sustainable lifestyle of its indigenous peoples who relied on nomadic hunter-gathering and rotational slash & burn cultivation of small areas of forest to survive. Now only a few areas of pristine rainforest remain; for the Dayaks and Penan this spells disaster, a rapidly disappearing way of life, forced re-settlement, many becoming wage-slaves. Large and medium size tree trunks have been sawn down and dragged out by bulldozers, leaving destruction in their midst, and for the most part a primary rainforest ecosystem beyond repair. Nowadays palm oil plantations and hydro-electric dam projects cover hundreds of thousands of hectares of what was the world's oldest rainforest ecosystem which had some of the highest rates of flora and fauna endemism, species found there and nowhere else on Earth, and this deforestation has done irreparable ecological damage to that region
    borneo_revisited_nigel_dickinson_201...JPG
  • LOGGING DAYAK BLOCKADE, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Dayaks blockading logging road. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo350.jpg
  • LOGGING DAYAK BLOCKADE, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Dayaks blockading logging road. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo347.jpg
  • DAYAK GIRL, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Dayak girl with rattan rucksack. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo336.jpg
  • DAYAK, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia. Dayak women sitting inside longhouse. Poster shows western ideal as opposed to their own physique. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo287.jpg
  • FISHING, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Dayak, 'Kelabit', fishermen with net and longboat. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo261.jpg
  • 1989: Kelabit native and hunter, Fredrick Ngareng, in his early twenties, with shotgun sitting by the Limbang river. Near Long Napir, Limbang district, Sarawak, Borneo<br />
<br />
Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo253.jpg
  • LOGGING, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Timberyard. Sawn timber for construction and  furniture. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo229.jpg
  • LOGGING, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Stacking logs in logging camp. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo226.jpg
  • PENAN, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Penan with blowpipe. Beard and moustache.Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo170.jpg
  • MEDICINAL HERBS AND PLANTS, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.   Dayak, 'Kenyah', women preparing infusion of medicinal plants and roots to cure fever and headache. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo151.jpg
  • MEDICINAL HERBS AND PLANTS, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo147.jpg
  • MEDICINAL HERBS AND PLANTS, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo144.jpg
  • PRIMARY TROPICAL RAINFOREST, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Interior, trees, roots, undergrowth, forest floor. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo133.jpg
  • PRIMARY TROPICAL RAINFOREST, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Interior, trees, roots, undergrowth, forest floor. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo126.jpg
  • PRIMARY TROPICAL RAINFOREST, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Interior, trees, roots, vines, undergrowth, forest floor. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo120.jpg
  • PRIMARY TROPICAL RAINFOREST, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Interior, trees, roots, undergrowth, forest floor. Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo115.jpg
  • LOGGING CARGO  SHIP, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo093.jpg
  • LOGGING, RIVER  POLLUTION, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo088.jpg
  • LOGGING, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo081.jpg
  • LOGGING, TIMBERYARD, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo065.jpg
  • LOGGING, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo009a.jpg
  • LOGGING, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo008.jpg
  • LOGGING, MALAYSIA. Sarawak, Borneo, South East Asia.  Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo004.jpg
  • BATAK Philippines. Batak indigenous people whom live in  the mountainous rainforest in Palawan island. They and their land are under threat from development and deforestation.   The live using shifting cultivation, hunting with spears and guns, and gathering herbs and plants from the  forest.
    philippines044.jpg
  • BATAK Philippines. Batak indigenous people whom live in  the mountainous rainforest in Palawan island. They and their land are under threat from development and deforestation.   The live using shifting cultivation, hunting with spears and guns, and gathering herbs and plants from the  forest.
    philippines042.jpg
  • Ground level view across thousands of hectares of palm oil plantations. This was originally unspoilt primary rainforest. Baram, Sarawak, Malaysia 2015<br />
<br />
These regions were were part of the world's oldest rainforest, which dates back 160 million years. The indigenous native communities’ survival depends on sustainable development of primary rainforest, a biodiversity resource, with countless insects, an array of birds and endangered species, which support one of the most diverse tropical ecosystems in the world. <br />
<br />
Borneo native peoples and their rainforest habitat revisited two decades later: 1989/1991 and 2012/2014/2015. <br />
<br />
Sarawak's primary rainforests have been systematically logged over decades, threatening the sustainable lifestyle of its indigenous peoples who relied on nomadic hunter-gathering and rotational slash & burn cultivation of small areas of forest to survive. Now only a few areas of pristine rainforest remain; for the Dayaks and Penan this spells disaster, a rapidly disappearing way of life, forced re-settlement, many becoming wage-slaves. Large and medium size tree trunks have been sawn down and dragged out by bulldozers, leaving destruction in their midst, and for the most part a primary rainforest ecosystem beyond repair. Nowadays palm oil plantations and hydro-electric dam projects cover hundreds of thousands of hectares of what was the world's oldest rainforest ecosystem which had some of the highest rates of flora and fauna endemism, species found there and nowhere else on Earth, and this deforestation has done irreparable ecological damage to that region
    borneo_revisited_nigel_dickinson_201...JPG
  • Ground level view across thousands of hectares of palm oil plantations. This was originally unspoilt primary rainforest. Baram, Sarawak, Malaysia 2015<br />
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These regions were were part of the world's oldest rainforest, which dates back 160 million years. The indigenous native communities’ survival depends on sustainable development of primary rainforest, a biodiversity resource, with countless insects, an array of birds and endangered species, which support one of the most diverse tropical ecosystems in the world. <br />
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Borneo native peoples and their rainforest habitat revisited two decades later: 1989/1991 and 2012/2014/2015. <br />
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Sarawak's primary rainforests have been systematically logged over decades, threatening the sustainable lifestyle of its indigenous peoples who relied on nomadic hunter-gathering and rotational slash & burn cultivation of small areas of forest to survive. Now only a few areas of pristine rainforest remain; for the Dayaks and Penan this spells disaster, a rapidly disappearing way of life, forced re-settlement, many becoming wage-slaves. Large and medium size tree trunks have been sawn down and dragged out by bulldozers, leaving destruction in their midst, and for the most part a primary rainforest ecosystem beyond repair. Nowadays palm oil plantations and hydro-electric dam projects cover hundreds of thousands of hectares of what was the world's oldest rainforest ecosystem which had some of the highest rates of flora and fauna endemism, species found there and nowhere else on Earth, and this deforestation has done irreparable ecological damage to that region
    borneo_revisited_nigel_dickinson_201...JPG
  • 1989: Semi-nomadic Penan native, Banai Tebai, smokes a cigarette inside a 'sulap' settlement made from bamboo, wood and rattan. Long Tedang, Limbang district, Sarawak, Borneo<br />
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Tropical rainforest and one of the world's richest, oldest eco-systems, flora and fauna, under threat from development, logging and deforestation. Home to indigenous Dayak native tribal peoples, farming by slash and burn cultivation, fishing and hunting wild boar. Home to the Penan, traditional nomadic hunter-gatherers, of whom only one thousand survive, eating roots, and hunting wild animals with blowpipes. Animists, Christians, they still practice traditional medicine from herbs and plants. Native people have mounted protests and blockades against logging concessions, many have been arrested and imprisoned.
    sarawak_borneo365.jpg
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Nigel Dickinson

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