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  • Chernobyl, Exclusion Zone, Ukraine. Teddy Bear  in Maternity Hospital. Pripyat Town built 15 years before the Chernobyl reactor fire. The whole town was evacuated shortly after. The  Chernobyl Reactor, towns, plant and environs just before the 20th anniversary of the nuclear disaster.
    Chernobyl_exclusionzone_Ukraine_MG_7...JPG
  • Chernobyl, Exclusion Zone, Ukraine. Maternity Hospital locker room. Pripyat Town built 15 years before the Chernobyl reactor fire. The whole town was evacuated shortly after. The  Chernobyl Reactor, towns, plant and environs just before the 20th anniversary of the nuclear disaster.
    Chernobyl_exclusionzone_Ukraine_MG_7...JPG
  • Chernobyl, Exclusion Zone, Ukraine. Beds  in the children's ward of the Maternity Hospital  with reflection of sunset over town. Pripyat Town built 15 years before the Chernobyl reactor fire. The whole town was evacuated shortly after. The  Chernobyl Reactor, towns, plant and environs just before the 20th anniversary of the nuclear disaster.
    Chernobyl_exclusionzone_Ukraine_MG_7...JPG
  • Chernobyl, Exclusion Zone, Ukraine. Dolls and gasmasks litter the  floor in  the Maternity Hospital. Pripyat Town built 15 years before the Chernobyl reactor fire. The whole town was evacuated shortly after. The  Chernobyl Reactor, towns, plant and environs just before the 20th anniversary of the nuclear disaster.
    Chernobyl_exclusionzone_Ukraine_MG_7...JPG
  • Chernobyl, Exclusion Zone, Ukraine. Dolls  tea party. Maternity Hospital. Pripyat Town built 15 years before the Chernobyl reactor fire. The whole town was evacuated shortly after. The  Chernobyl Reactor, towns, plant and environs just before the 20th anniversary of the nuclear disaster.
    Chernobyl_exclusionzone_Ukraine_MG_7...JPG
  • Chernobyl, Exclusion Zone, Ukraine. Gas mask, Maternity Hospital. Pripyat Town built 15 years before the Chernobyl reactor fire. The whole town was evacuated shortly after. The  Chernobyl Reactor, towns, plant and environs just before the 20th anniversary of the nuclear disaster.
    Chernobyl_exclusionzone_Ukraine_MG_6...JPG
  • Chernobyl, Exclusion Zone, Ukraine. Beds  in the children's ward of the Maternity Hospital  with reflection of sunset over town. Pripyat Town built 15 years before the Chernobyl reactor fire. The whole town was evacuated shortly after. The  Chernobyl Reactor, towns, plant and environs just before the 20th anniversary of the nuclear disaster.
    Chernobyl_exclusionzone_Ukraine_MG_7...JPG
  • Chernobyl, Exclusion Zone, Ukraine. Dolls and gasmasks litter the  floor in  the Maternity Hospital. Pripyat Town built 15 years before the Chernobyl reactor fire. The whole town was evacuated shortly after. The  Chernobyl Reactor, towns, plant and environs just before the 20th anniversary of the nuclear disaster.
    Chernobyl_exclusionzone_Ukraine_MG_7...JPG
  • Chernobyl, Exclusion Zone, Ukraine. Gas mask, Maternity Hospital. Pripyat Town built 15 years before the Chernobyl reactor fire. The whole town was evacuated shortly after. The  Chernobyl Reactor, towns, plant and environs just before the 20th anniversary of the nuclear disaster.
    Chernobyl_exclusionzone_Ukraine_MG_6...JPG
  • Chernobyl, Exclusion Zone, Ukraine. Maternity Hospital locker room. Pripyat Town built 15 years before the Chernobyl reactor fire. The whole town was evacuated shortly after. The  Chernobyl Reactor, towns, plant and environs just before the 20th anniversary of the nuclear disaster.
    Chernobyl_exclusionzone_Ukraine_MG_7...JPG
  • Government poster about maternity in Tbeay Meanchey..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodi
    135maternity_cambodia.JPG
  • Heavy deforestation and systematic burning of rainforests for slash and burn cultivation have changed the landscape entirely. Red dirt roads lead through desolate countryside with clouds of smoke sweeping across Preah Vihear province..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
    118maternity_cambodia.JPG
  • Koeun visiting one of her students, a Traditional Birth Attendant (TBA). Her name is Kachay from Mohaphal village in Preah Vihear..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
    101maternity_cambodia.JPG
  • Nut Saroem aged only 19 years old and 8 months pregnant being taken to the local health centre by her husband on a motorbike. Transport ill advised in the west, but here they have little choice. Nout is daughter of a Kruu bush doctor and receiving traditional herbs, was suffering severe preeclampsia and at 8 months pregnant was refered to a clinic by Koeun. The baby was premature, and both lives were saved by Koeun's intervention...Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodi
    089maternity_cambodia.JPG
  • Kruu, bush doctor, Larg Hoch, who sells her herbs and plants at Tbeang Meanchey market. Gathering and preparing Dham Chom Pong, a type of sapling, cut and boiled, then given to mothers before and after birth of child..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
    070maternity_cambodia.JPG
  • Koeun trains indigenous women, traditional birth attendants, the basic procedures for ante-natal care and support for pregnant mothers (Koeun centre measuring, wearing stethoscope).. Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
    010maternity_cambodia.JPG
  • Sunset over Tbeay Meanchey in Preah Vihear Province..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
    134maternity_cambodia.JPG
  • Transport by river crossings using ferry mear to Tbeay Meanchey are difficult even in the dry season. Motorbikes, people and supplies take their turns to cross the brown waters...are loaTouth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
    123maternity_cambodia.JPG
  • Heavy deforestation and systematic burning of rainforests for slash and burn cultivation have changed the landscape entirely. Red dirt roads lead through desolate countryside with clouds of smoke sweeping across Preah Vihear province..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
    122maternity_cambodia.JPG
  • Touth Koeun, shows a picture a Khmer Rouge child soldier, this could have been her years ago..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodi
    109maternity_cambodia.JPG
  • Nut Saroem aged only 20 years old and 8 months pregnant receiving treatment at Bak Kam Health centre by Nara, a local midwife. Nut is daughter of a Kruu bush doctor and receiving traditional herbs, was suffering severe preeclampsia and at 8 months pregnant was refered to a clinic by Koeun. The baby was premature, and both lives were saved by Koeun's intervention...Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodi
    099maternity_cambodia.JPG
  • Detail at  Bak Kam Health centre in Tbean Meanchey. Sex aids for teaching local people about pregnancy, AIDS and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases...Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodi
    098maternity_cambodia.JPG
  • Nut Saroem aged only 20 years old and 8 months pregnant receiving treatment at Bak Kam Health centre by Nara, a local midwife. Nut is daughter of a Kruu bush doctor and receiving traditional herbs, was suffering severe preeclampsia and at 8 months pregnant was refered to a clinic by Koeun. The baby was premature, and both lives were saved by Koeun's intervention...Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodi
    097maternity_cambodia.JPG
  • Nut Saroem aged only 20 years old and 8 months pregnant receiving treatment at Bak Kam Health centre by Nara, a local midwife. Nut is daughter of a Kruu bush doctor and receiving traditional herbs, was suffering severe preeclampsia and at 8 months pregnant was refered to a clinic by Koeun. The baby was premature, and both lives were saved by Koeun's intervention...Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
    095maternity_cambodia.JPG
  • Nut Saroem aged only 20 years old and 8 months pregnant receiving treatment at Bak Kam Health centre by Nara, a local midwife. Nut is daughter of a Kruu bush doctor and receiving traditional herbs, was suffering severe preeclampsia and at 8 months pregnant was refered to a clinic by Koeun. The baby was premature, and both lives were saved by Koeun's intervention...Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
    093maternity_cambodia.JPG
  • Nut Saroem aged only 20 years old and 8 months pregnant receiving treatment at Bak Kam Health centre by Nara, a local midwife. Nut is daughter of a Kruu bush doctor and receiving traditional herbs, was suffering severe preeclampsia and at 8 months pregnant was refered to a clinic by Koeun. The baby was premature, and both lives were saved by Koeun's intervention...Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodi
    091maternity_cambodia.JPG
  • Nut Saroem aged only 19 years old and 8 months pregnant being taken to the local health centre by her husband on a motorbike. Transport ill advised in the west, but here they have little choice. Nout is daughter of a Kruu bush doctor and receiving traditional herbs, was suffering severe preeclampsia and at 8 months pregnant was refered to a clinic by Koeun. The baby was premature, and both lives were saved by Koeun's intervention...Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodi
    090maternity_cambodia.JPG
  • Children's shadows under a stilt home in the late afternoon. At the family home of Kruu, bush doctor, Larg Hoch, who sells her herbs and plants at Tbeang Meanchey market..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodi
    080maternity_cambodia.JPG
  • Kruu, bush doctor, Larg Hoch, who sells her herbs and plants at Tbeang Meanchey market. Gathering and preparing Dham Chom Pong, a type of sapling, cut and boiled, then given to mothers before and after birth of child. Here pictured with her daughter administering the traditional medicine. Unfortunately her daughter Nut Saroem aged only 20 years old. Was suffering severe preeclampsia and at 8 months pregnant was refered to a clinic by Koeun. The baby was premature, and both lives were saved by Koeun's intervention...Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
    077maternity_cambodia.JPG
  • Kruu, bush doctor, Larg Hoch, who sells her herbs and plants at Tbeang Meanchey market. Gathering and preparing Dham Chom Pong, a type of sapling, cut and boiled, then given to mothers before and after birth of child. Here pictured with her daughter administering the traditional medicine. Unfortunately her daughter Nut Saroem aged only 20 years old. Was suffering severe preeclampsia and at 8 months pregnant was refered to a clinic by Koeun. The baby was premature, and both lives were saved by Koeun's intervention...Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
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  • Kruu, bush doctor, Larg Hoch, who sells her herbs and plants at Tbeang Meanchey market. Gathering and preparing Mhum komah a root vegetable, for headaches and seeing unclear and for sleeping well. Needs to be cut into small bits, dried and boiled...Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
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  • A market stall at Preah Vihear temple market where Kruus, traditional bush doctors, sell dried loris, here a mixture of various endangered species, whose remains are cooked and ground down into powder and use in various remedies, often given to pregnant women..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodi
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  • Kruu, bush doctor, Larg Hoch, who sells her herbs and plants at Tbeang Meanchey market. Gathering and preparing Dham Chom Pong, a type of sapling, cut and boiled, then given to mothers before and after birth of child..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
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  • Koeun talks to a 'Kruu" bush doctor, Larg Hoch, in Tbeang Meanchey market..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
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  • Soldiers with babies in the village at the base of the mountain, near the frontline, 1km from the Thai border nearby Prasat Preah Vihear temple situated in the Dângrêk Mountains..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
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  • Young mothers, babies and children, soldiers' families, literally on the frontline, a few hundred metres from the Thai border nearby Prasat Preah Vihear temple situated in the Dângrêk Mountains..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
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  • Koeun with Leakheana and her family. Koeun recently supervised the difficult birth of her second child..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
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  • Yu Sokna and her baby undergoing "Ang Pleung" - Postpartum heating procedure: After giving birth a woman is carried by her husband to a wood or bamboo bed under which a fire has been built. The women has a bag of ice on her navel. Meanwhile a Traditional Healer or Birth Attendant recites Buddhists texts while walking around the bed to protect the woman from evil spirits. In the past it was considered important to use a certain mix of woods to protect against supernatural forces and produce a smoke that eased the pain of childbirth. At the present time most women appear to prefer to use charcoal as it is smoke free, but may be more toxic...Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
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  • Koeun on the frontline, consulting with young mothers, with soldiers' families, a few hundred metres from the Thai border nearby Prasat Preah Vihear temple situated in the Dângrêk Mountains..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
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  • Kruu, bush doctor, Larg Hoch, who sells her herbs and plants at Tbeang Meanchey market. Gathering and preparing Dham Chom Pong, a type of sapling, cut and boiled, then given to mothers before and after birth of child..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
    052maternity_cambodia.JPG
  • Yu Sokna and her baby undergoing "Ang Pleung" - Postpartum heating procedure: After giving birth a woman is carried by her husband to a wood or bamboo bed under which a fire has been built. The women has a bag of ice on her navel. Meanwhile a Traditional Healer or Birth Attendant recites Buddhists texts while walking around the bed to protect the woman from evil spirits. In the past it was considered important to use a certain mix of woods to protect against supernatural forces and produce a smoke that eased the pain of childbirth. At the present time most women appear to prefer to use charcoal as it is smoke free, but may be more toxic...Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
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  • In the rural areas near Tbeay Meanchey, dust roas, houses on stilts, oxen and cattle pulling carts, like a byogone age...Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
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  • Koeun trains indigenous women, traditional birth attendants, the basic procedures for ante-natal care and support for pregnant mothers..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodi
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  • Nut Saroem aged only 19 years old and 8 months pregnant being taken to the local health centre by her husband on a motorbike. Transport ill advised in the west, but here they have little choice. Nout is daughter of a Kruu bush doctor and receiving traditional herbs, was suffering severe preeclampsia and at 8 months pregnant was refered to a clinic by Koeun. The baby was premature, and both lives were saved by Koeun's intervention...Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodi
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  • Children play together at laugh. At the family home of Kruu, bush doctor, Larg Hoch, who sells her herbs and plants at Tbeang Meanchey market..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodi
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  • Kruu, bush doctor, Larg Hoch, who sells her herbs and plants at Tbeang Meanchey market. Gathering and preparing Dham Chom Pong, a type of sapling, cut and boiled, then given to mothers before and after birth of child..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
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  • Kruu, bush doctor, Larg Hoch, who sells her herbs and plants at Tbeang Meanchey market. Gathering and preparing Dham Chom Pong, a type of sapling, cut and boiled, then given to mothers before and after birth of child..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
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  • A market stall at Tbeang Meanchey market where Kruus, traditional bush doctors, sell dried loris, an endangered species of night squirrel, whose remains are cooked and ground down into powder and use in various remedies, often given to pregnant women..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodi
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  • Soldiers accomodation in the fltaland deforested region close to the mountain, near the frontline, several kilometres from the Thai border nearby Prasat Preah Vihear temple nearby the Dângrêk Mountains..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodi
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  • Kouen helps with the cooking whilst talking with local woman, surrounded by soldiers children, in the forest, near the frontline...Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
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  • Touth Koeun, with a cat in the Dangrek mountains..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodi
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  • A healthy toddler sits in Tbeang Meanchey market of Preah Vihear...Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
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  • Newborn baby with her grandmother on a train. The baby undergoes a traditional Kruu medicine treatment. A concoction of powders are placed on her 'middle eye' and a place where it is considered to be the soft part of the babies skull, to harden it. ..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
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  • Yu Sokna's baby after she has undergone "Ang Pleung" - Postpartum heating procedure: After giving birth a woman is carried by her husband to a wood or bamboo bed under which a fire has been built. The women has a bag of ice on her navel. Meanwhile a Traditional Healer or Birth Attendant recites Buddhists texts while walking around the bed to protect the woman from evil spirits. In the past it was considered important to use a certain mix of woods to protect against supernatural forces and produce a smoke that eased the pain of childbirth. At the present time most women appear to prefer to use charcoal as it is smoke free, but may be more toxic...Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
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  • Koeun on the frontline, consulting with young mothers, with soldiers' families, a few hundred metres from the Thai border nearby Prasat Preah Vihear temple situated in the Dângrêk Mountains..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
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  • Koeun trains indigenous women, traditional birth attendants, the basic procedures for ante-natal care and support for pregnant mothers  (Koeun on RHS with stethoscope).. Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
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  • In the rural areas near Tbeay Meanchey, dust roas, houses on stilts, oxen and cattle pulling carts, like a byogone age...Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
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  • Heavy deforestation and systematic burning of rainforests for slash and burn cultivation have changed the landscape entirely. Red dirt roads lead through desolate countryside with clouds of smoke sweeping across Preah Vihear province..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
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  • Touth Koeun with her assistant at the headquarters of the NGO MRKR..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodi
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  • Nut Saroem aged only 19 years old and 8 months pregnant being taken to the local health centre by her husband on a motorbike. Transport ill advised in the west, but here they have little choice. Nout is daughter of a Kruu bush doctor and receiving traditional herbs, was suffering severe preeclampsia and at 8 months pregnant was refered to a clinic by Koeun. The baby was premature, and both lives were saved by Koeun's intervention...Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodi
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  • At the family home of Kruu, bush doctor, Larg Hoch, who sells her herbs and plants at Tbeang Meanchey market..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodi
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  • Kruu, bush doctor, Larg Hoch, who sells her herbs and plants at Tbeang Meanchey market. Gathering and preparing Dham Chom Pong, a type of sapling, cut and boiled, then given to mothers before and after birth of child..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
    073maternity_cambodia.JPG
  • Kruu, bush doctor, Larg Hoch, who sells her herbs and plants at Tbeang Meanchey market. Gathering and preparing Dham Chom Pong, a type of sapling, cut and boiled, then given to mothers before and after birth of child..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
    065maternity_cambodia.JPG
  • Kruu, bush doctor, Larg Hoch, who sells her herbs and plants at Tbeang Meanchey market. Gathering and preparing Dham Chom Pong, a type of sapling, cut and boiled, then given to mothers before and after birth of child..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
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  • Young mothers, babies and children, soldiers' families, literally on the frontline, a few hundred metres from the Thai border nearby Prasat Preah Vihear temple situated in the Dângrêk Mountains..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
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  • Young mothers, babies and children, soldiers' families, literally on the frontline, a few hundred metres from the Thai border nearby Prasat Preah Vihear temple situated in the Dângrêk Mountains..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
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  • Newborn baby with her grandmother on a train. The baby undergoes a traditional Kruu medicine treatment. A concoction of powders are placed on her 'middle eye' and a place where it is considered to be the soft part of the babies skull, to harden it. ..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
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  • Koeun on the frontline, consulting with young mothers, with soldiers' families, a few hundred metres from the Thai border nearby Prasat Preah Vihear temple situated in the Dângrêk Mountains..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
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  • Koeun trains indigenous women, traditional birth attendants, the basic procedures for ante-natal care and support for pregnant mothers (Koeun on RHS with stethoscope).. Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
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  • Koeun trains indigenous women, traditional birth attendants, the basic procedures for ante-natal care and support for pregnant mothers (Koeun on RHS with watch).. Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
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  • Kruu, bush doctor, Larg Hoch, who sells her herbs and plants at Tbeang Meanchey market. Gathering and preparing Dham Chom Pong, a type of sapling, cut and boiled, then given to mothers before and after birth of child..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
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  • A market stall at Tbeang Meanchey market where Kruus, traditional bush doctors, sell dried loris, an endangered species of night squirrel, whose remains are cooked and ground down into powder and use in various remedies, often given to pregnant women..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodi
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  • Children play in the streets of Tbeang Meanchey in Preah Vihear province..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodi
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  • Koeun in a local cafe where she has breakfast and talks with local mothers about health issues..Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
    029maternity_cambodia.JPG
  • Yu Sokna and her baby undergoing "Ang Pleung" - Postpartum heating procedure: After giving birth a woman is carried by her husband to a wood or bamboo bed under which a fire has been built. The women has a bag of ice on her navel. Meanwhile a Traditional Healer or Birth Attendant recites Buddhists texts while walking around the bed to protect the woman from evil spirits. In the past it was considered important to use a certain mix of woods to protect against supernatural forces and produce a smoke that eased the pain of childbirth. At the present time most women appear to prefer to use charcoal as it is smoke free, but may be more toxic...Touth Koeun, an ex-Khmer Rouge child soldier turned midwife and trainer, is on the frontline again, but this time campaigning on maternity issues, in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. The country experiences an extraordinarily high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Preah Vihear province, in Cambodia's north, bordering on the Thai border, can be described as an outback rural area, villages often many hours away from a health centre or clinic, and sometimes near the frontline where soldiers and their families are living. Here, Touth Kouen, a locally much respected pioneer and experienced in maternity issues, trains indigenous women, known as 'Traditional Birth Attendants' (TBA's), correct procedures to assist midwives and nurses, to give direct support to mothers and their babies, during ante and post natal periods. Traditional bush medicine and spiritual practices by 'Kruu' bush doctors, involving the killing of endangered species, gathering herbs and plants, whose burnt remains are often ground up into unhealthy potions, and fed to mothers as miracle cures, and postpartum heating, can cause illness and death. The Kruu, and local people in general need to be re-educated, so as to create a healthy nurturing environment for mothers and their babies. Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
    019maternity_cambodia.JPG
  • Chernobyl, Exclusion Zone, Ukraine. Beds  in the children's ward of the Maternity Hospital  with reflection of sunset over town. Pripyat Town built 15 years before the Chernobyl reactor fire. The whole town was evacuated shortly after. The  Chernobyl Reactor, towns, plant and environs just before the 20th anniversary of the nuclear disaster.
    Chernobyl_exclusionzone_Ukraine_MG_7...JPG
  • Chernobyl, Exclusion Zone, Ukraine. Gasmask and toy car the  floor in  the Maternity Hospital. Pripyat Town built 15 years before the Chernobyl reactor fire. The whole town was evacuated shortly after. The  Chernobyl Reactor, towns, plant and environs just before the 20th anniversary of the nuclear disaster.
    Chernobyl_exclusionzone_Ukraine_MG_6...JPG
  • Chernobyl, Exclusion Zone, Ukraine. Gasmask and toy car the  floor in  the Maternity Hospital. Pripyat Town built 15 years before the Chernobyl reactor fire. The whole town was evacuated shortly after. The  Chernobyl Reactor, towns, plant and environs just before the 20th anniversary of the nuclear disaster.
    Chernobyl_exclusionzone_Ukraine_MG_6...JPG
  • Chernobyl, Exclusion Zone, Ukraine. Dolls and gasmasks litter the  floor in  the Maternity Hospital. Pripyat Town built 15 years before the Chernobyl reactor fire. The whole town was evacuated shortly after. The  Chernobyl Reactor, towns, plant and environs just before the 20th anniversary of the nuclear disaster.
    Chernobyl_exclusionzone_Ukraine_MG_6...JPG
  • Chernobyl, Exclusion Zone, Ukraine. Dolls and gasmasks litter the  floor in  the Maternity Hospital. Pripyat Town built 15 years before the Chernobyl reactor fire. The whole town was evacuated shortly after. The  Chernobyl Reactor, towns, plant and environs just before the 20th anniversary of the nuclear disaster.
    Chernobyl_exclusionzone_Ukraine_MG_7...JPG
  • Chernobyl, Exclusion Zone, Ukraine. Dolls and gasmasks litter the  floor in  the Maternity Hospital. Pripyat Town built 15 years before the Chernobyl reactor fire. The whole town was evacuated shortly after. The  Chernobyl Reactor, towns, plant and environs just before the 20th anniversary of the nuclear disaster.
    Chernobyl_exclusionzone_Ukraine_MG_6...JPG
  • Chernobyl, Exclusion Zone, Ukraine. Beds  in the children's ward of the Maternity Hospital  with reflection of sunset over town. Pripyat Town built 15 years before the Chernobyl reactor fire. The whole town was evacuated shortly after. The  Chernobyl Reactor, towns, plant and environs just before the 20th anniversary of the nuclear disaster.
    Chernobyl_exclusionzone_Ukraine_MG_7...JPG
  • Chernobyl, Exclusion Zone, Ukraine. Pripyat Town built 15 years before the Chernobyl reactor fire. The whole town was evacuated shortly after. The  Chernobyl Reactor, towns, plant and environs just before the 20th anniversary of the nuclear disaster.
    Chernobyl_exclusionzone_Ukraine_MG_7...JPG
  • Chernobyl, Exclusion Zone, Ukraine. Pripyat Town built 15 years before the Chernobyl reactor fire. The whole town was evacuated shortly after. The  Chernobyl Reactor, towns, plant and environs just before the 20th anniversary of the nuclear disaster.
    Chernobyl_exclusionzone_Ukraine_MG_7...JPG
  • Chernobyl, Exclusion Zone, Ukraine. Pripyat Town built 15 years before the Chernobyl reactor fire. The whole town was evacuated shortly after. The  Chernobyl Reactor, towns, plant and environs just before the 20th anniversary of the nuclear disaster.
    Chernobyl_exclusionzone_Ukraine_MG_7...JPG
  • Chernobyl, Exclusion Zone, Ukraine. Pripyat Town built 15 years before the Chernobyl reactor fire. The whole town was evacuated shortly after. The  Chernobyl Reactor, towns, plant and environs just before the 20th anniversary of the nuclear disaster.
    Chernobyl_exclusionzone_Ukraine_MG_7...JPG

Nigel Dickinson

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